CHAPTER 7 (Word Connection)

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area-this is similar to the line chart. Use the area chart to emphasize changes in values.
axes-this tab displays or hides the primary axes of a chart.
chart-is a graphical representation of data in a worksheet.
chart sheet-is a separate sheet within a workbook that has its own sheet name.
data marker-these refer to the bars, areas, dots, slices, or other symbols in a chart that represent single data points or values that originate from a worksheet cell.
data series- this includes related data points that are plotted on a chart.
embedded chart-is one placed in the same worksheet that contains the data used to create the chart.
gridlines-these are lines added to a chart for easier viewing and evaluation of data.
legend-this a box that identifies the patterns or colors assigned to the data series or categories in a chart.
plot area-in a two-dimensional chart, this ia the area bounded by axes,including all the data series. In a three-dimensional chart,this is the area bounded by axes,including the data series, category names,tick-mark labels,and axis titles.
tick marks-are small lines of measurement,similar to the divisions on a ruler that intersect an axis.
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chart sheet-is a separate sheet within a workbook that has its own sheet name.
embedded chart-is one placed in the same worksheet that contains the data used to create the chart.
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autoshapes- is a group of ready-made shapes that includes basic shapes,such as rectangles and circles,plus a variety of lines and connectors,block arrows,flowchart symbols,stars and banners,and callouts.
clip art-is a single piece of ready-made art,often appearing as a bitmap or a combination of drawn shapes.
picture-is a file that represents an image.
wordart-it consists of text objects you create with ready-made effects to which you can apply additional formatting options.

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"Computer History"

Prehistoric man did not have the Internet, but it appears that he needed a way to count and make calculations. The limitations of the human body’s ten fingers and ten toes apparently caused early man to construct a tool to help with those calculations. Scientists now know that humankind invented an early form of computers. Their clue was a bone carved with prime numbers found in 8,500 BC.


The abacus was the next leap forward in computing between 1000 BC and 500 BD. This apparatus used a series of moveable beads or rocks. The positions changed to enter a number and again to perform mathematical operations. Leonardo DaVinci was credited with the invention of the world’s first mechanical calculator in 1500. In 1642, Blaise Pascal’s adding machine upstaged DaVinci’s marvel and moved computing forward again.


In 19th century England, Charles Babbage, a mathematician, proposed the construction of a machine that he called the Babbage Difference Engine. It would not only calculate numbers, it would also be capable of printing mathematical tables. The Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA (near San Diego) built a working replica from the original drawings. Visitors can see in the device in operation there. Unable to construct the actual device, he earned quite a few detractors among England’s literate citizens. However, Babbage made a place for himself in history as the father of computing. Not satisfied with the machines limitations, he drafted plans for the Babbage Analytical Engine. He intended for this computing device to use punch cards as the control mechanism for calculations. This feature would make it possible for his computer to use previously performed calculations in new ones.


Babbage’s idea caught the attention of Ada Byron Lovelace who had an undying passion for math. She also saw possibilities that the Analytical Machine could produce graphics and music. She helped Babbage move his project from idea to reality by documenting how the device would calculate Bernoulli numbers. She later received recognition for writing the world’s first computer program. The United States Department of Defense named a computer language in her honor in 1979.


The computers that followed built on each previous success and improved it. In 1943, the first programmable computer Turing COLOSSUS appeared. It was pressed into service to decipher World War II coded messages from Germany. ENIAC, the brain, was the first electronic computer, in 1946. In 1951, the U.S. Census Bureau became the first government agency to buy a computer, UNIVAC .


The Apple expanded the use of computers to consumers in 1977. The IBM PC for consumers followed closely in 1981, although IBM mainframes were in use by government and corporations.